Jump to content
An Old School Catholic Message Board

Are We Catholics Ready To Save The World - Stop Global Warming?


tate4242

Recommended Posts

Piccoli Fiori JMJ

We had discussed global warming in my Intro to Weather and Climate course that I took last year. There are in fact at least 3 other variables that can contribute to the warming and cooling of the globe that have to do with the orbit, tilt, and revolution of the earth. I would dig out my notes and dictate them word for word, but I am not sure where my notes are. I can attest that there are things that we have been doing that need to be cut out, but I really have very little reason to think we are making the temperature rise. Again, there are things that we need to stop doing (like littering, wasting our natural resources, etc.)

Link to comment
Share on other sites

[quote name='Ash Wednesday' post='1243224' date='Apr 14 2007, 06:58 PM']Welcome to one very big global family called the Catholic Church. :thumbsup:

When I first read that link I thought it was some weird pseudo-marian new age site. And I can already hear the conspiracy theorists/fundamentalists/sedevacantualists that think the Church is where the antichrist dwells squawking about international Vatican currency. Heeee....[/quote]

Excellent comment!
Yes, I am actually hoping to eventually capitolize on all the conspiracy theorists who will believe that I am probably the Jewish/Danite anti-Christ who is predicted to be wiser than Daniel in Ezekiel 28. If in fact Pope Benedict loves my proposal for a series of reality films based in Nova Scotia, Rome, Jerusalem, Hollywood, London, etc., etc., then rest assured many people will be pretty sure that I am the ultimate evil....but if this helps us to capture a significant portion of the evangelical Christian reality film viewership....so be it!

Like you, I was not entirely impressed with Mr. Al Gore a few years ago. I can honestly state that President Bush is my favourite American President who presided during my lifetime....with the possible exception of President Reagan.

But having seen Mr. Gore's film, [u]An Inconvenient Truth[/u] twice in the past two weeks, I must say that Mr. Gore has certainly earned my attention and respect.

Thank you for the encouragement. It is wonderful to participate on a message board where the ultimate objective is not to simply get in the best one or two line jokes at the expense of a serious proposal.

Link to comment
Share on other sites

[quote]We had discussed global warming in my Intro to Weather and Climate course that I took last year. There are in fact at least 3 other variables that can contribute to the warming and cooling of the globe that have to do with the orbit, tilt, and revolution of the earth. I would dig out my notes and dictate them word for word, but I am not sure where my notes are. I can attest that there are things that we have been doing that need to be cut out, but I really have very little reason to think we are making the temperature rise. Again, there are things that we need to stop doing (like littering, wasting our natural resources, etc.)[/quote]

Shalom FutureNunJMJ:

Highly relevant comments indeed!

I so hope that you are correct that we are not causing the earth's average temperature to rise...but at this time I must admit that I am essentially in agreement with the comments that Sir Richard Branson's colleagues have made on this topic.

[url="http://www.virginearth.com/"]http://www.virginearth.com/[/url]

If you go to "News and Press Releases" at this link you will run into some pretty powerful statements that I personally have neither the expertise nor the inclination to attempt to disprove.

Edited by tate4242
Link to comment
Share on other sites

[quote name='God Conquers' post='1244208' date='Apr 15 2007, 09:27 AM']Sustainable development has very little to do with the current apocalyptic global warming craze. I'm all for sustainable development.

But the whole climate change / Kyoto protcol business is a sham to destroy the economies of developed countries. To buy into it is worse than dropping money into a hole.[/quote]

Shalom God Conquers:

I am glad to know that you and I can at least agree on the subject of sustainable development even if we must agree to differ at this time on the whole climate change question.

Again....I certainly hope that your assessment of the climate change issue is ultimately correct....and that the main points brought forward in Mr. Al Gore's film, An Inconvenient Truth are based on skewed data and seriously flawed scientific analysis.

I would be very cautious though before swallowing any idea that Mr. Jerry Falwell puts forward:
"the children of this world are in their generation wiser than the children of light."
The Apostle Paul also stated something to the effect that not many of the wise according to this world's assessment of such characteristics are called to be filled with the Ruach ha Kodesh/Holy Spirit.

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Lounge Daddy

As an evil conservative I am doing everything that I can to increase the size of my carbon footprint
bwaaa haha :evil:


but welcome to the Catholic Church

Link to comment
Share on other sites

[quote name='tate4242' post='1245735' date='Apr 16 2007, 01:46 PM']If you go to "News and Press Releases" at this link you will run into some pretty powerful statements that I personally have neither the expertise nor the inclination to attempt to disprove.[/quote]And there-in lies the rub. You neither have the time, nor the inclanation to disprove the powerful claims of someone. In the Debate phorum, there is a thread titled 'Global Warming is a hoax.' Sure the thread sounds negative, but there are a number of links that address both sides of the controversy.
Sure, it would be nice to live in a world where people told the truth, didn't have ulterior motives for almost everything they do, and it wasn't hard to find truthful answers to questions we may have. I keep pressing the 'easy' button, but nothing happens (although we haven't had to order white out for a long time now).
In this world we live in, the truth is usually somewhere in the middle of the what the extremists are shouting about. It's worthwile to listen to both sides and educate yourself as best you can, especially if you feel committed enough to think you have to encourage others to save the world, we gotta 'do something'. What is that something? Is recycling better than biodegradable and minimal package? Does recycling glass bottles use less energy and precious resources than aluminum? Can Americans not only use more efficient cars but also eliminate their energy use by turning off the 3rd and 4th TV, eliminating the decorative landscape lighting, turning on the computer only when you really are going to use it, use up the electronics (computer, tv, dvd player etc.) during it's functional life instead of our incessant up-grading to the latest gadget, how about sweeping the drive and using a manual edger instead of firing up the gas powered blower/edger/trimmer?
hmmm.......

Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 3 weeks later...

[quote name='Lounge Daddy' post='1245767' date='Apr 16 2007, 12:29 PM']As an evil conservative I am doing everything that I can to increase the size of my carbon footprint
bwaaa haha :evil:
but welcome to the Catholic Church[/quote]

Shalom Lounge Daddy:

Actually, when it comes to the green movement I am an absolute hypocrite...but my ability to admit this fact may be of some value. I HATE RECYCLING!!!...but i know that it is an extremely good idea....and i am kind of scared of getting a fine that is over $700 here in Nova Scotia if i get caught burning trash...and frankly it would probably be even easier to catch me doing this sort of diabolical act than it was for that reporter who got the Presidential candidate...was his name Rice....who claimed that he wasn't having an affair??

Anyway....there are two ways for the left to stop evil conservatives like you and I from burning our trash...they can either hit us with huge fines and jail terms longer than if we had committed murder...or recycling could be accomplished with more of a carrot/reward approach and somebody could fund a global deposit on virtually every sort of container...I was kind of hoping to convince Pope Benedict to consider taking on this role.....print up a Vatican Currency Unit and introduce a version of it in virtually every nation...so that recycling is handled by understanding conservatives as opposed to being controlled by zealous, well meaning but probably less than merciful left wing types!

Link to comment
Share on other sites

[quote name='Anomaly' post='1245802' date='Apr 16 2007, 01:07 PM']And there-in lies the rub. You neither have the time, nor the inclanation to disprove the powerful claims of someone. In the Debate phorum, there is a thread titled 'Global Warming is a hoax.' Sure the thread sounds negative, but there are a number of links that address both sides of the controversy.
Sure, it would be nice to live in a world where people told the truth, didn't have ulterior motives for almost everything they do, and it wasn't hard to find truthful answers to questions we may have. I keep pressing the 'easy' button, but nothing happens (although we haven't had to order white out for a long time now).
In this world we live in, the truth is usually somewhere in the middle of the what the extremists are shouting about. It's worthwile to listen to both sides and educate yourself as best you can, especially if you feel committed enough to think you have to encourage others to save the world, we gotta 'do something'. What is that something? Is recycling better than biodegradable and minimal package? Does recycling glass bottles use less energy and precious resources than aluminum? Can Americans not only use more efficient cars but also eliminate their energy use by turning off the 3rd and 4th TV, eliminating the decorative landscape lighting, turning on the computer only when you really are going to use it, use up the electronics (computer, tv, dvd player etc.) during it's functional life instead of our incessant up-grading to the latest gadget, how about sweeping the drive and using a manual edger instead of firing up the gas powered blower/edger/trimmer?
hmmm.......[/quote]

Excellent points Anomaly.

I will certainly try to find this thread but I will appreciate it if you put a link here because I am on dial up and at our new house and our connection seems to be roughly five times slower than at our older home where we shared a line with only two other families.

These are all excellent questions...and frankly I so hope that Pope Benedict will appoint a group of experts to tackle all of these questions because frankly....I don't really know the absolutely best answer to any of them...I worked in forestry for twenty five years and inhaling all that power saw exhaust has played havoc with my ability to be a scholar! Not to mention all those other brands of cigarettes that I smoked....and I always inhaled every cigarette that was passed to me even if the brand name of the tobacco might have been Zig Zag!

Well, it seems like some synaptic activity has been miraculously preserved because I am kind of proud of this introductory letter/warning shot over the bow, that I recently sent off to MP Peter MacKay who I will be running against if I do manage to get my candidacy in order for the upcoming federal election.

[b]Minister of Foreign Affairs MP Peter Mackay. Federal Budget 2007 is Good for Nova Scotia. Dennis Tate[/b]

[quote]Foreign Affairs Minister MP Peter Mackay

Dear Minister Mackay:

I wish to thank you for providing Central Nova with
what both my wife Maria and I regard to be excellent
representation under the existing political and
economic parameters. I must agree with you that each
of the benefits mentioned in your article "Federal
Budget 2007 is Good For Nova Scotia" are important
accomplishments for you and for the federal
Conservative Party of Canada. I am especially glad to
read that there is a new $2000 Child Tax Credit and
that Lifetime Capital Gains Tax Exemption has been
increased to $750,000.


Minister Mackay, I heard you speak at the 2006 federal
debate held at Pictou Campus of NSCC. I personally was
in essential agreement with perhaps eighty percent of
your comments but I am still seriously considering
running as an independent candidate for Central Nova
in the upcoming federal election.

One issue that you raised at the debate that I cannot
support was that you are pro-choice in regards to
abortion. I would appreciate your further elaboration
if not complete reconsideration on this important
question.

Minister Mackay, please imagine that you, Prime
Minister Harper and your Conservative Party colleagues
are soon able to help restructure the entire Canadian
federal monetary and taxation system to such a degree
that each year Canada has a massive federal budget
surplus in excess of thirty billion dollars?

Please visualize also that at this same time that you
have helped to reduce the personal income taxation
burden on Canadians to less than twenty percent at
most? Under this much more positive set of political
and economic conditions I am sure that we would soon
see Canadian unemployment levels drop to an all time
low.

If the Canadian economy is booming from coast to coast
I suspect that you no longer would have such a high
level of empathy for young women who at this time,
under the existing far less than ideal conditions,
feel that if they deliver a child previous to the
completion of their education that they may well be
condemned to a life characterized by reliance on
social assistance.

One of the impressions that I took away from the NSCC
debate was that you Mr. Mackay will one day make a
highly capable Prime Minister of Canada. Obviously
Prime Minister Stephen Harper feels the same way or he
would not have appointed you Minister of Foreign
Affairs and of ACOA.

Minister Mackay, do you not think that Canadians will
regard you with even greater esteem if you help to
free up an extra sixty to one hundred billion dollars
for each annual federal budget?

Please find below part one of my application for the
Virgin Earth anti-global warming Challenge. It is
entitled "Anti-Armageddon Paradigm Shift Monetary
Policy Theory - The Introduction."

Shalom.

Dennis Tate

p.s.

[url="http://www.virginearth.com/"]http://www.virginearth.com/[/url]

"Dr James Hansen, Director of NASA’s Goddard Institute
for Space Studies: “I think we have a very brief
window of opportunity to deal with climate change ...
no longer than a decade, at the most. This is why I am
supporting the Virgin Earth Challenge as a judge – we
must explore all means, both known and unknown, to
help alleviate this crisis.”"

Minister Mackay, I personally do not possess either
the expertise or the courage to discount this
statement by Dr. Hansen. I think it is prudent to take
a serious look at Canadian Wartime monetary policy to
see if our existing Canadian monetary and taxation
system can be adjusted slightly to give us greatly
improved fuel efficiency.

"Anti-Armageddon Paradigm Shift Monetary Policy Theory
- The Introduction."[/quote].....at this point we are right back to the first post in this thread.

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Phoenix Reborn

[quote name='tate4242' post='1263398' date='May 3 2007, 01:47 PM']I will certainly try to find this thread but I will appreciate it if you put a link here because I am on dial up and at our new house and our connection seems to be roughly five times slower than at our older home where we shared a line with only two other families.[/quote]

[url="http://www.phatmass.com/phorum/index.php?showtopic=46841&st=0"]THIS[/url] should be the thread.

Link to comment
Share on other sites

[quote name='Lounge Daddy' post='1245767' date='Apr 16 2007, 02:29 PM']As an evil conservative I am doing everything that I can to increase the size of my carbon footprint
bwaaa haha :evil:
but welcome to the Catholic Church[/quote]


me too.

Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 2 weeks later...

[quote name='Phoenix Reborn' post='1263408' date='May 3 2007, 03:51 PM'][url="http://www.phatmass.com/phorum/index.php?showtopic=46841&st=0"]THIS[/url] should be the thread.[/quote]

Thank you Phoenix Reborn. You are right some extremely good points are made here! If I plan to debate with the gifted and glib Mr. Peter MacKay then I can get some good practice in by starting with these points.


[quote]There is no such thing as "global warming" in the sense that it will send us into an ice age or just keep getting hotter.

Why do I say this? Because when we look back in history we see that the earth's temperature cycles vary from 100 to 250 years. Much longer than any of us will live. The earth cools and warms in cycles. We are living in a warming phase and it will start to cool back down within the next ten years, possibly five years.

The world is so many millions of years old, one volcano puts out more pollutants than we do in 10,000 years... more CFC's and more "green house gases" than we could ever do. 30 volcanoes erupt every year. So, for humans to do as much "damage" as one year of "damage" that volcanoes do it will take us 300,000 years... Now, what we do is a drop in the bucket when looking at the big picture.

What happens in our atmosphere to the bad gases? When the sun's UV rays hit oxygen they create ozone which is a bond between 3 oxygen atoms. Ozone is highly reactive and seeks out various gases, reacts with them, and turns them into somthing harmless - it's also a great way to kill germs. That is why if you put a UV light near the litter box it will help destroy foul odors. It is also why many safety glasses cabinets in chemistry classes have uv lights in them.

It's all a cycle.

Just look at the temperatures throughout history... grab a farmers almanac.

The media are a bunch of chicken littles and are very selective in what they show you. The "Sky is falling" gets more ratings than "We have nothing to worry about.".

As Public Enemy said "Don't believe the hype".

God Bless,
ironmonk
[url="http://www.CatholicSwag.com"]http://www.CatholicSwag.com[/url] <- Media zombie free[/quote]

Shalom Iron Monk:

You may well be somewhat correct that the world is experiencing a warming trend that is partly the result of a natural cycle. Even if this is the case this would still not negate the potential benefits that could be drived if hundreds of massive desalinization plants were constructed to pump fresh water into the Sahara or Sinai desert.

If the polar ice caps continue to melt then the town of Antigonish, Nova Scotia would be pretty well flooded if world ocean levels went up by merely two meters. In the movie/documentary "Too Hot Not To Handle" it was stated that world ocean levels would rise by roughly twenty feet if the ice cap on Greenland Melted and by 240 ft if the Antarctica ice pack melted. Many communities in the riding of Central Nova will be destroyed and property values will plummet as we see ocean levels rise.

My theory that politicians, statesmen and business leaders all over the world should begin to discuss how to FINANCE massive projects that at least will temporarily alleviate some of the most potentially destructive immediate symptoms of global warming is still valid, even if a natural warming trend accounts for perhaps forty percent of world temperature increases.

If you tell me that we don't have to worry about this for at least another fifty years I could respond that in the latter days somebody is supposed to come along who will inspire parents to care more for their children. If we mortals had a better grasp of Judeo-Christian ethics we would be more careful to not set in motion trends that will probably result in disaster for our grandchildren.

"A righteous man leaves an inheritance for his children's children."

Perhaps I am thoroughly incorrect in this assertion but I personally feel that because the Vatican is a state, nobody on earth is in quite as powerful a position to take the necessary action needed to finance such a massive project as I am proposing than Pope Benedict XVI. I believe that he has been sent here at this time for exactly this type of action.

"those who know their God shall be strong and shall do exploits."

It has been theorized that Pope John Paul I was murdered by the Italian Mafia after he promised to introduce generally accepted accounting principles into the Vatican Bank where it is suspected that the mafia has gained considerable power.

I have a method in mind that could clean up the Vatican Bank in a few months but it is much safer for Pope Benedict himself if this clean up happens as part of a grassroots movement rather by lay persons in the Catholic Church rather than by Papal edict.

Link to comment
Share on other sites

[quote name='thessalonian' post='1243235' date='Apr 14 2007, 07:12 PM']I am not a fan of global warming. But I wouldn't call you a heretic for believing in it and you are welcome in the Church. Here is a counter websited by the way:

[url="http://newsbusters.org/node/11940"]http://newsbusters.org/node/11940[/url]

Though I am in favor of cleaing up our air and water and caring for the planet God has entrusted us with. I am just doudtful that we are the cause of this current shift in weahter since there have been similar shifts in the past and I vividly remember as a teen hearing about global cooling and the immenent ice age that the governement was supposed to fix.

I would say that your desires to rid the world of it's hunger problems and all is a noble one. The solution to it however is simple. Catholics must start living their faith and then the world will follow and be converted. To that end come in to the Church with fire and you will do far more than some new economic idea. Not that I would discourage your economic ideas. I just say Jesus Christ above all is THEE answer. Prayer is key.

God bless and welcome to phatmass.[/quote]

Shalom again Thessalonian:

I am curious. Personally I believe that Isaiah chapters 42 - 46 indicate that standing up for the basic religious freeom of others should be an important part of our Catholic Faith. The historical King Cyrus allowed a high level of religious freedom for all his subjects Jewish and Gentile.

I plan to make increased economic cooperation with the nation of Israel as well as Jewish control of the Temple Mount area and the construction of the Jewish Third Temple an important part of my federal level political platform.

Do you think that I will get excommunicated for believing that the upcoming millennium should be one where Jews have the religious, economic and political freedom to fulfill every verse in Ezekiel chapters 40 to 48?

Do you think that I will be kicked out of the church for advocating that we should organize a one million sister march to the Vatican state and encourage the nuns to occupy all Vatican Bank buildings so that the promises of Pope John Paul I can be put into place?

All of this can be organized as a reality film. I believe that if Pope Benedict XVI proposed the creation of a new Vatican Currency unit at the same time that the nuns are trained to take over the roles of all the male workers in the Vatican Bank. Then the influence of the Italian mafia on the Vatican Bank can be virtually eliminated and the desires of Pope John Paul I can be granted to him.

If the sisters knew that they were about to get involved in monetary policy at the macro-economic level then they would be well aware that within ten years it would be possible to give the necessary medicine to every leper on earth, food for the hungry, computers for students, free circumcisions could be arranged for poor males all throughout the Third World. (It has been proven that an HIV infected wife virtually cannot transmit the AIDS virus to her husband if he is circumcised so free circumcisions for young men in the Third World would almost eliminate the AIDS epidemic within two to five decades)!

Sisters armed with the knowledge that they are about to be able to change the entire world would easily hold back the Italian Mafia.

Better yet! The Vatican Bank could be moved to Antigonish Nova Scotia which would be perfectly set up by bestowing sainthood on Dr. Moses Coady and Dr. Jimmy Thompkins!

[url="http://www.coady.stfx.ca/history.cfm"]http://www.coady.stfx.ca/history.cfm[/url]

Link to comment
Share on other sites

[quote]Do you think that I will be kicked out of the church for advocating that we should organize a one million sister march to the Vatican state and encourage the nuns to occupy all Vatican Bank buildings so that the promises of Pope John Paul I can be put into place?[/quote]


:hehehe: :drunk:

Link to comment
Share on other sites

[quote name='Maggie' post='1271944' date='May 12 2007, 01:04 PM']:hehehe: :drunk:[/quote]

Hi Maggie:

Yes...I know that this sounds a little far fetched.....but at the very minimum it is kind of encouraging to speculate that maybe we could fulfill some of the more nasty prophecies as scenes in an epic reality film series???!!!

[quote]Before their face the people shall be much pained: all faces shall gather blackness.
They shall run like mighty men; they shall climb the wall like men of war; and they shall march every one on his ways, and they shall not break their ranks:
Neither shall one thrust another; they shall walk every one in his path: and [when]they fall upon the sword, they shall not be wounded.[/quote]Joel

Although I am 99.8% certain that I am incorrect in this assumption...I do regard it as a remote possibility that these passages could perhaps be talking about the making of a reality film....Maybe these wounded soldiers are for real trying to crush, kill, rape, pillage and destroy and maybe they have some sort of new genetically engineered drug that revives them after being wounded.....or are they involved in a massive epic series of reality films based in Europe and the Middle East....brilliantly tailored for the evangelical Xian market????!!!!

Yes...I admit that synthetically produced blood flowing up to the bridles of the horses ....as a movie prop....is kind of far fetched....but surely this would be better than doing all this for real during a time of total agricultural collapse????!!!!

[quote]Then he said unto them, O geniuses, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken: [/quote]Luke 24:25

I am obligated to believe everything in the Bible but it comforting to imagine that we may have some control over the how and when that events are fulfilled so that the negative consequences of all this can be minimized...and perhaps the wrath of the LORD appeased:

[quote]Who art registered in the judgments of times to [b]appease the wrath of the Lord[/b],[/quote]Ecclesiasticus 48:10

I've given a lot of thought over the past few years as to how Jewish control of the Temple Mount area could be arranged....how the Arab nations could be convinced to agree to this happening and the best most promising theory on how this may be arranged is the putting forward of a forty year plan to shoot massive epic reality films centered in Jerusalem...and at the end of this forty year period Israel has complete control of the Temple Mount area....The Jewish Third Temple has been built.....every stone in the ancient Temple has been "thrown down" and then reassembled elsewhere as a museum/historical site....

The Dome of the Rock on the other hand should be dismantled with the utmost care and again reassembled elsewhere as a historical site..... It was originally a gift to the Jewish people from an Arab prince who had tremendous respect for Moshe and all things Jewish so it could be given back to the Arab nations quite gracefully especially if doing so paved the way for the rebuilding of the Third TEmple....

I think that one half of Jerusalem must be rented/leased for the filming of the capture of one half of Jerusalem spoken of by Zechariah....

The rental/leasing of Jerusalem among other royalties, concessions and box office sales will help finance the REbuilding of the Third Temple leaving Israel with no outstanding debt despite the magnitude of the entire project......

Considering that China will by 2010 have perhaps as many as 170,000,000 men who will have virtually no hope of ever finding a wife due to China's habit of aborting ninety percent of female babies....I believe that larger and larger troops of reality film actors posing as soldiers from many time periods and places....can be lured to the Valley of Megiddo....partly due to the efforts of female actors who are metaphorically spiritual eagles who are very interested in nabbing themselves one of those desperate guys from China!

And of course who better to arrange all of this than Pope Benedict XVI?

Link to comment
Share on other sites

[quote name='Maggie' post='1271944' date='May 12 2007, 01:04 PM']:hehehe: :drunk:
St. Michael the Archangel, defend us in battle![/quote]

Oh...If I am not mistaken another name for Michael is Metatron and this ancient Jewish writing certainly will give us some promising material for reality film scenes:

[url="http://www.religiousstudies.uncc.edu/jcreeves/sefer_zerubbabel.htm"]http://www.religiousstudies.uncc.edu/jcree..._zerubbabel.htm[/url]

[quote]Metatron responded by saying to me: ‘Ask me (questions) and I will provide you with answers before I depart from you.’ So I again asked him and said to him, ‘My lord Metatron, when will the light of Israel come?’ He answered and said to me, ‘By the Lord Who has sent me and Who has appointed me over Israel, I solemnly swear to reveal to you the Lord’s doing(s), for the Holy God previously commanded me, “Go to My servant Zerubbabel, and tell him (the answers to) whatever he may ask of you.”’ Then Michael, who is (also) Metatron, said to me, ‘Come closer and pay careful attention to everything which I shall tell you, for the word which I am speaking to you is true; it was one spoken by the Living God.’[/quote]

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Create an account or sign in to comment

You need to be a member in order to leave a comment

Create an account

Sign up for a new account in our community. It's easy!

Register a new account

Sign in

Already have an account? Sign in here.

Sign In Now
×
×
  • Create New...