Qualifiers

[MissyP89]

Just breathe. Puking is probably not helpful.

[BG45]

Thank you. The anxiety is definitely ratcheted up this time given it's all or nothing...I've been having dreams about it too since the last week of classes Ended up praying a couple of divine mercy chaplets and forcing myself to take some deep breaths between the decades of it before I could crawl back into bed.

[she_who_is_not]

I don't know if this makes you feel any better, but in my jurisdiction close to 80% of bar applicants who fail at their first attempt manage to pass on the second. There are so many factors that contribute to success on these types of exams. You have a much better idea of what to expect now. I'm very confident in your abilities.

[BG45]

Thank you SWIN! That does make me feel a bit better, usually people pass on the second try here, but they usually also only have one to study for...you're far more encouraging than my thesis chair from my Masters who said, "Look at it this way BG, you'll pass eventually. I had to take the Bar 5 times before I did". "Uh...I only get one more shot."

[brandelynmarie]

[MissScripture]

[quote name='MissyP89' timestamp='1325007225' post='2358125']
Just breathe. Puking is probably not helpful.
[/quote]
No, but it seems to be my automatic response to such situations, too. Really, why is that wired into us? I mean, is it going to help in a fight or flight situation to start puking your guts out? I would think it would be kind of counter-productive! (Well, unless you puked ON someone, and then they would be grossed out and leave you alone, I suppose...)

[quote name='BG45' timestamp='1325008856' post='2358143']
Thank you SWIN! That does make me feel a bit better, usually people pass on the second try here, but they usually also only have one to study for...you're far more encouraging than my thesis chair from my Masters who said, "Look at it this way BG, you'll pass eventually. I had to take the Bar 5 times before I did". "Uh...I only get one more shot."
[/quote]
If you don't (though I'm sure you will) you should submit this thread as evidence that you DO, in fact, know what you're talking about.

Oh, and

[MissyP89]

That cheerleading smiley is the reason I got my driver's license. Just sayin.

You got this, dude.

[MissScripture]

I STILL think there should be a pregnant cheerleader. But I suppose that would be scandalous.

[MissyP89]

Especially if the smiley was showing her very smooth, very swollen ankles.

Where's Johnny when you need him?

[MIKolbe]

is this a bad time to tell you about my photographic memory?

[MissScripture]

[quote name='MissyP89' timestamp='1325010006' post='2358153']
Especially if the smiley was showing her very smooth, very swollen ankles.

Where's Johnny when you need him?
[/quote]
I really wish I could give you more props! ! ! !

[MIKolbe]

[quote name='MissScripture' timestamp='1325009908' post='2358151']
I STILL think there should be a pregnant cheerleader. But I suppose that would be scandalous.
[/quote]

If she's making a sammich, it is no longer scandalous.

[MissScripture]

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[BG45]

Okay, in deference to all those who have been nice and cheerleaded, I'll reply to you after today's posts. I don't want it buried again.

[center][b]Policy Note Cards: Mass Incarceration[/b][/center]
[b]Burch (2011) – [/b]½ of probation in Texas, 1/3 of Florida parole dependent upon fees to meet budget. Money is better spent on community corrections.

[b]Comfort et al. (2011) – [/b]Strengthen ties between parents who are incarcerated and their kids. Need major, urban, anti-poverty programs at communities that are hit hard by incarceration.

[b]Tonry (2011) – [/b]Justice reinvestment promise is illusory.

[b]Clear (2011) – [/b]Justice reinvestment needs to target hard hit communities for development programs and need to enlist private sector for help. Provide large subsidies for private employers to hire people who would otherwise be in prison.

[b]Maruna (2011) – [/b]When left and right agree, things usually turn punitive. Privatization leads to expansion, not contraction. Criticize justice reinvestment as hurting nonprofits by money going to for-profit entities. Hearken back to cheap prisoner labor of the early 1900s.

Liptak (2011) – SCOTUS rules CA prison overcrowding violates the 8[sup]th[/sup] Amendment, cruel and unusual punishment. Order 30,000 prisoner reduction at least.

Doob & Zimring (2011) – Imprisonment in past goes down with more probation and parole. We now face challenges such as: State finances, visibility of penal policy, scale of imprisonment, beliefs of efficacy of imprisonment.

Schoenfield (2011) – We need to return to pre-1970. Evidence matters little if no one is willing to fight.

Austin (2011) – We need to go back to before 1970 sentencing systems, both crime and incarceration has run rampant under current models.

Shed (2011) – Strengthen ties between incarcerated parents and kids.

Massoglia & Warner (2011) – There is little tolerance for nonfocused initiatives.

Sampson (2011) – Social ledger of incarceration effects.

Kalt (2003) – 1/3 of African-American men permanently inelligible to serve as jurors.

Simon (2007) – Some convicted felons lose pension, vote, disability, veteran benefits, and food stamps.

Page (2011a, 2011b) – CA unionized prison guards pose a problem to downsizing the prison system. CA prison union created the victims’ rights movement there.

Manza & Uggen (2006) – US incarcerates a larger proportion of citizens than any other country; sixfold since the 1970s.

Pew Center (2009) – 7 million, 1/31 adults incarcerated or supervised by the criminal justice system today.

Goldkamp (2011) – More celerity is needed. Courts take too long and impede certainty of punishment via delays and dismissals. Hot spots reduces crime for a short time period. More cops would increase incarceration with more arrests.

Rosenfeld (2011) – Issue of our time is mass incarceration.

Durlauf & Nagin (2011) – We need shorter sentences and more cops on the street. Celerity is more important than severity. Prison is criminogenic. Need less mandatory minimum sentences and three strikes laws.

Bratton (2011) – Reduce crime by hot spot prevention, not incarceration. Prison cost is bankruptcy threat to many states. Prison is criminogenic.

Blumstein (2011) – More celerity is needed. Project HOPE in Hawaii shows great promise: random drug test of probationers each week, if they fail they immediately are sent to a few days in jail with progressively longer sentences each time. This has seen a reduction of more than 50% in recidivism.

Gottschalk (2011) – Prisons are criminogenic, Project HOPE.

Tonry (2011) – More police would lead to more racial profiling. Public officials are immune to evidence of alternatives to incarceration working.

Guillen (2011) – Ohio to send low level felons to prison alternatives.

[BG45]

[center][b]Policy Note Cards: Prison and Sentencing[/b][/center]

Porter (2010) – Today the US has the highest incarceration rate in the world, 754 per 100,000; this is compared to 100 per 100,000 in the 1970s. Some states parole boards have been cut or eliminated. Due to changes in correctional philosophy, less determinate sentencing and more mandatory minimum.

Berman (2010) – In Pennsylvania, the combined population of the 27 correctional facilities exceeded 51,000, the capacity is only 43,000.

U.S. v. Booker (2005) – Supreme Court ruled the guidelines are now advisory. Using aggravating factors not proven beyond a reasonable doubt violates the 6[sup]th[/sup] Amendment Rights.

Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing – Created in 1978 to create consistent and rational law and promote uniform sentencing practices for some crimes. Guidelines were first in effect in 1982, invalidated in 1987, and restarted in 1988.

Wooldredge (2009) – Study presumptive sentencing guidelines in Ohio, to reduce disparity like race. 1996-2004 presumptive, 2005 Ohio Supreme Court ruled the guidelines unconstitutional. After guidelines, number of black sentenced dropped.

Brushway & Pihl (2007) – Sentencing is a multicase process with many actors. Compared Washington (presumptive sentencing) and Maryland (advisory guidelines). More discretion in Maryland unexplained. More prosecutorial discretion in Washington.

Engen (2009) – Most studies show race has small effect on sentencing.

Piquero (2007) – 1970s rehabilitation was goal, 1980s shifted to incapacitation. Discretion taken from CJ system to legislature. 1984, sentencing reform act passed, US sentencing commission created, guidelines established.

Benekos & Merlo (2006) – 1940s indeterminate sentencing. 1970s, liberals argue differential treatment, conservatives called for tougher sentencing and more discretion. Determinate sentencing seems to satisfy both (fixed amount of time saved). Get tough on crime cause increase sentence length. Disparity with minorities. Crack cocaine recently changed 18:1 instead of 100:1.

DeFina & Hannon (2009) – State panel from 1980-2004. Study measures input incarceration on 3 poverty indexes. Study found incarceration has increased poverty and poverty would have fallen during the period if not for mass incarceration.

[center][b]Policy Note Cards: Drugs[/b][/center]

Benekos & Merlo (2006) – Generally in considering anti-drug policies, 4 strategies recognized: Supply reduction, demand reduction, legalization, harm reduction.

Nadelmann (1989) – Examine all states that decriminalized pot in the 1970s, no increased use, some evidence that if the drug war was stopped there would be no escalation.

Inciardi et al (1996) – Drug use often intensifies and perpetuates criminal behavior. Moral crusade and media manipulation produces distorted image of drug users as evil, immoral, and dangerous. Thus evilly painted instead of sick, depiction led to more criminalized view.

Kappeler & Potter (2005) – Drug war failed to reduce demand. 2002, 55% of all federal inmates are drug offenders. Collateral damage is minorities and prison boom.

Jensen & Gerber (1998) – Discuss 5 consequences of criminalizing drug use: A) increased pressure on law enforcement making arrests. B) Huge profits from drug sales. C) Pervasive social controls. D) US worldwide crusades, punitive and prohibitionist. E) A US war strategy has failed.